Genetic Medicine

Cells are the basic units of the human body, comprising the whole of the cell nucleus in the heart of cytoplasmic material and contain several components surrounding the nucleus, and takes everyone adorable cell membrane structure.

The nucleus of the cell membrane in particular, as they contain materials and structures as varied as genetic material is the most important in the cell, and the total genetic material is the so-called genome or inherited (GENOME, which is distributed to (23) a pair of chromosomes CHROMOSOMES, and consists of all chromosomes of the two series of material DNA, or DNA Mottagos oxygen, although the basic component in building a series of DNA is the material called nucleotides NUCLEOTIDE which has four types, and associated with each Nowid Nowid against him from the interview series to form a unit or a pair of bases nucleotides.

Consists of inherited human (genome) of (3), billions of these units or base pairs of DNA, and all the importance lies in those rules because the sequence along the chain of genetic material is the only thing that leads to a different installation.

It was believed that those billions three blades or symbolizing a hundred thousand of genes GENES, but the reality proved to be more than thirty thousand only slightly, and the gene is a region of DNA that can determine a specific protein or any other vessel is the task given in the body.

Include genetic material information on the structure of cells and function, reproduction, and in the form of genetic code, where the single gene encoding (10 _ 20) and a different function depending on the tissue that resides within the body and the circumstances that surround them, and not all the genes in a cell, what will work, but part which only will work, depending on the estimated function of that cell.

It was a dream haunted the imagination of scientists long to get to know the precise composition and full of genetic material in humans, even in 1985 had held several conferences and keeps up in 1987, which resulted in the emergence of the idea Genome Project (inherited) human, and which began seriously in the U.S. Nations in 1990, and then became the United many other similar research programs as part of this global program.

The draft genome (inherited) human considerable effort to complete the genetic map and real and to understand the genetic instructions that make each one of us a distinct entity, and the aim of holding a full reading of the three billion base pairs with the mapping of high accuracy and quality of human genetic material, and to find placements genes human chromosomes and mapping of that, a daunting task by any standards, the maximum period of 2005, and probably will not exceed 2003.

The identification of the genes can be more difficult than finding a needle in a haystack, and the reason is the sheer volume of inherited human and which lies somewhere in the letters imbalance in charge, in order to overcome these difficulties, the cooperation of scientists and many branches such as biology (biology), physics, engineering, scientists Computer (PC) to develop appropriate techniques, has a Othbto their ability to do so.

The expected result will be staggering, which is a base of information and wide and several levels of accuracy, clarity and detail, and I began the treasures of the results and fruits touched us in turn, has appointed a gene involved the creation of fibrocystic disease CYSTIC FIBROSIS is the disease gene is widespread and that leads to many complications and mortality , and there was a test available to determine the campaign defective gene in families with high risk, as discovered by scientists at the beginning of the year (1994) genes involved in hereditary form of colon cancer, and was completed at the beginning of the year (1996) Mapping of more than (4000) Gene, has been linked to (1000) is a disease is hereditary defect in a certain gene, and the number of genes that were identified in the mid-1999 to (7700) gene, and by the end of 1999, researchers announced in the United States, Japan and Sweden, the full sequence of genetic material, consisting of chromosomes (22), the second the smallest chromosome in the human body, and contains (33.5) million pairs of rules, and is linked to the work of the sentence and immunological Congenital Heart Disease, schizophrenia, mental retardation and birth defects and several cancers including leukemia and breast cancer, and others, and learned more in future.

And this achievement will have finished the first chapter of the forthcoming Encyclopedia of genetic, as it is the first time in human history where all of the flag presentation of these secrets, and it was like to be on the Sea of Fog Dissipation ocean full of steamboats loaded with valuable information.

And crumbled the defenses of chromosomes and secrets in this year (2000), the scientists put primitive maps of chromosomes (5, 16 and 19), and in the month of May of that year completed (62) scientists in Japan, Germany, France, Switzerland and Britain, the map inaccurate and full of chromosomes (21), was announced at a later time, has been shown that this chromosome contains more than (33) million pairs of DNA material, was detected on the number of genes related to quality of human disorders, as well as do not forget the relationship of this chromosome famous or Down syndrome (the child Mongolian) are known, which is characterized Ptthelt chromosome (21), and these discoveries will be valuable information to investigate the roots of that syndrome, and access to solutions that might be startling and decisive measure in case of Mongolian, and the complete mapping of chromosomes (21_ 22) that day (2-3% ) of the total employment, in addition to the important achievements in terms of Alzheimer's disease ALZHEIMER (spongiform encephalopathy family when the adults), where scientists announced (7/6/2000) they have appointed an enzyme believed to play a role evolution of the disease, would be a good target for enzyme treatments quality, and there are other achievements are no less important for some forms of cancers, and achievements that deserve mention are reminded that had been identified genes appear to play a role in preventing breast cancer from spreading to other parts of the body, as well as hopes for new therapeutic treatment for HIV syndrome (AIDS).

The mentioned project promises even before the end of that turn our concepts Biology (Biological) and medical, where the genes affect not only in how we will show, it means What are the diseases and disabilities so they may get us in the future. We have begun to loom on the horizon features medicine molecular does not address the symptoms as much as aimed at the roots of disease causation, although the choices of diagnostic quality permit us to address early to an unlimited number of cases, and will contribute to medicine next is crucial in improving the diagnosis of hereditary disease and that in terms of accuracy, confidence and time, as well as in the detection of Early preparedness or readiness for a disease when a person, and the possibility of Murcia detect the disease before the onset of symptoms or disabilities caused by the long, and so take precautions that may prevent the onset of illness, and also enable the provision of new medicines exactly Very precise objectives, and there will be tremendous strides in the field of processing genes and by correcting or strengthening or replacing defective genes, in addition to immunological modern processing techniques, and to avoid potential environmental situations that could trigger the disease.

That we hide the extent of disabilities related diseases, particularly genetic diseases and chromosome, and all rights progress made in combating these diseases would have positive emphasis on the issue of disability, both in terms of prevention or treatment. But we must not forget that hampered many other reasons, however, intervened in genetic research that, for example, there is research conducted on the bacteria, which will contribute greatly to the cause of disability through surveillance to detect environmental contaminants, as well as through protection against chemical warfare and vitality, as well as effective removal and Secretary of waste, as well as intervened genetics in assessing damage and health hazards caused by exposure to radiation, even with varying exposure a few as well as in cases of exposure to chemicals and toxins updated for genetic mutations and cancers, with research to reduce the risk of gene mutations.

There is also a difference in the preparedness for an injury when exposure to humans and some of the factors that could uncover the deportation of persons with serious work in one area.

The draft inherited human climax other social, ethical and legal, for example, has been providing a test to detect who would have Huntington's disease HUNTINGTON DISEASE or dementia before age within families with high-risk years ago, but did not decide to make this selection, only a few of those concerned, and that because there is no way to cure or prevention of disease, and many people prefer to live without the "headache" because the positive selection would mean simply that he will remain in their obsession that sickened killer later, as well as what would happen if I learned health insurance companies or employers this work in a world overwhelmed by the standards of physical Unfortunately _ _?.

There is also a fear of the use of genetic information by the courts, schools, armies, etc., and there is also concern about who will own the information and Siilltha, as well as about the effects of psychological, social, and there is serious question as to whether the tests must be conducted modern when it is not available treatments? Did the parents have the right to conduct diagnostic tests for young children for diseases appear only in the advanced stage of life?, And there is interest in the limits and dangers of the use of genetic techniques in matters of procreation and pregnancy, as well as the extent possible to benefit from such tests when the embryos.

The treatment genes will become a reality, and then, should determine what is normal and what is the abnormality or disorder that must be cured? And must specify who decides? It will search for a cure in some cases of disability the person suffers from more serious than originally person?.

All those good reasons and the most important project since its beginnings and has allocated approximately (5%) of the total budget for research center in the area anticipate and resolve ethical problems and legal and social potential to emerge, and this is one of the laudable business strengths of the project and worked out in order to obtain honey without bites _ _ as much as possible, and feed a beautiful dream and the reality of the most beautiful contemplate what this era of genetic revolution, especially at the level of disability.